I wonder if by bureaucracy you meant "civil service."
The Egyptian pharaohs, Louis XI (who invented the Post Office), Louis XIV (and Colbert) already had public administrations. But the number of officials was too small for bureaucratic excesses to ruin the country's life.
The Soviet Union was an expert in bureaucracy, which didn't really protect citizens from the excesses of the prince. And which really made daily life miserable.
David Graeber wrote that the source of bureaucracy was capitalism (we're allowed to disagree).
In short, I don't think bureaucracy is linked to a political regime. Nor that it protects citizens from the excesses of the powerful.
Civil services, on the other hand, ensure equal treatment among citizens, provided the country isn't too corrupt.
But bureaucracy remains an evil that affects both public services and businesses.
Hello Laetitia,
I wonder if by bureaucracy you meant "civil service."
The Egyptian pharaohs, Louis XI (who invented the Post Office), Louis XIV (and Colbert) already had public administrations. But the number of officials was too small for bureaucratic excesses to ruin the country's life.
The Soviet Union was an expert in bureaucracy, which didn't really protect citizens from the excesses of the prince. And which really made daily life miserable.
David Graeber wrote that the source of bureaucracy was capitalism (we're allowed to disagree).
In short, I don't think bureaucracy is linked to a political regime. Nor that it protects citizens from the excesses of the powerful.
Civil services, on the other hand, ensure equal treatment among citizens, provided the country isn't too corrupt.
But bureaucracy remains an evil that affects both public services and businesses.